The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907–21). VOLUME XVII. Later National Literature, Part II. XVII. Later Philosophy. § 16. The Philosophical Review. The definitive triumph of the idealistic movement may be dated from the founding in 1892 of The Philosophical Review under the editorship of Jacob Gould Schurman and James Edwin Creighton. As this review has always been open to scholarly contributions in all the various fields of philosophy, the character of its contributions during its first decade bears ample evidence to the complete dominance of the Kantian and Hegelian idealism. The old Scottish philosophy could not hold its own before the superior finesse and technical equipment of the new school. 17  At bottom, too, it realized the necessity of an alliance with the new rationalistic philosophy in the fight for a theistic and spiritual view of the world against scientific positivism and popular materialism.   23 Note 17. This increased technical interest necessarily led philosophy to become less popular and somewhat more narrow in its aims. Hence popular thought came to draw its inspiration either from the vague but sweeping generalizations of Spencer or other popularizers of science, or from mystic culture—theosophy, spiritualism, or “new thought”—which except in the writings of Horatio Dresser have nothing to do with the philosophy treated in this chapter. [ back ]