General Authorities: Histories of philosophy and of political economy; Forsyth, T. M., English Philosophy, 1910; McCosh, J., The Scottish Philosophy, 1875; Pringle-Pattison, A. S., Scottish Philosophy, 1885; Seth, J., English Philosophers, 1912; Stephen, Sir L., A History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century. 2 vols. 1876.

I. DAVID HUME

A. Works

(In chronological order)

A Treatise of Human Nature: being an Attempt to introduce the experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects. Vols. I and II, 1739; vol. III, 1740.

Essays Moral and Political. Edinburgh, 1741. Vol. II, 1742.

Philosophical Essays concerning Human Understanding. 1748.

An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals. 1751.

Political Discourses. Edinburgh, 1752.

Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects. In four volumes. 1753–4 (final edition, 1777).

The History of Great Britain. (The History of England.) See bibliography to Chap. XII, ante.

Four Dissertations. I. The Natural History of Religion. II. Of the Passions. III. Of Tragedy. IV. Of the Standard of Taste. 1757.

The Life of David Hume, Esq. Written by himself. 1777.

Two Essays [on Suicide and on Immortality]. 1777.

Dialogues concerning Natural Religion. 1779.

Editions of A Treatise of Human Nature and Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, by Green, T. H. and Grose, T. H. (with philosophical introductions by Green, T. H.), 2 vols., 1874; of Essays (complete) by the same (with bibliographical introduction by Grose, T. H.), 2 vols., 1875; of the Treatise, Oxford, 1896, and of the two Enquiries, ib., 1894 (with indexes) by Selby-Bigge, L. A.; of the Dialogues, by McEwen, B., 1907; of the Political Discourses, by Robertson, W. B., 1908.

B. Selected Biography and Criticism

Bonar, J. Philosophy and Political Economy. 1893.

Burton, J. H. Life and Correspondence of David Hume. 1846.

——Letters of Eminent Persons addressed to David Hume. 1849.

[char], G. von. Die Ethik Humes. 1878.

Green, T. H. Introductions to Hume’s Treatise. Vols. I and II. Works. Vol. I. 1885.

Hedvall, C. Humes Erkenntnistheorie. 1906.

Hill, G. Birkbeck. Letters of David Hume to W. Strahan. 1888.

Huxley, T. H. Hume. (English Men of Letters series.) 1879.

Jodl, F. Leben und Philosophie Humes. 1872.

Klemme, M. Die volkswirtschaftlichen Anschauungen Humes. 1900.

Lechartier, G. David Hume, moraliste et sociologue. 1900.

Marcus, E. Kant’s Revolutionsprinzip. Eine exakte Lösung des Kant-Hume’schen Erkenntnisproblem. 1902.

Meinong, A. Hume-Studien. I, 1877; II, 1882.

Pfleiderer, E. Empirismus und Skepsis in Humes Philosophie. 1874.

Quast, O. Der Begriff der Belief bei Hume. 1903.

Teisseire, M. Les Essais économiques de David Hume. 1902.

Thomsen, A. David Hume. Sein Leben und seine Philosophie. 1912.

II. ADAM SMITH

A. Works

The Theory of Moral Sentiments; or an essay towards an analysis of the principles by which men naturally judge concerning the conduct and character, first of their neighbours, and afterwards of themselves; to which is added, a Dissertation on the Origin of Languages. 1759. 6th edn. 2 vols. 1790.

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. 2 vols. 1776. 6th edn. 3 vols. 1791. Edd. McCulloch, J. R., 1828, etc.; Rogers, J. E. T., 1869; Nicholson, J. S., 1884; Cannan, E., 1904.

Essays on Philosophical Subjects. To which is prefixed an account of the life and writings of the author. By Stewart, Dugald. 1795.

Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms … reported by a student in 1763. Ed. by Cannan, E. Oxford, 1896.

B. Biography and Criticism

Bagehot, W. Economic Studies. 1880.

——Biographical Studies. 1881.

Bonar, J. Philosophy and Political Economy. 1893.

——A Catalogue of the Library of Adam Smith. 1894.

Farrer, J. A. Adam Smith. (English Philosophers series.) 1881.

Haldane, Viscount. Adam Smith. (Great Writers series.) 1887.

Hasbach, W. Die allgemeinen philosophischen Grundlagen der von Quesnay und Smith begründeten politischen Ökonomie. Leipzig, 1890.

——Untersuchungen über Adam Smith. Leipzig, 1891.

Hirst, F. W. Adam Smith. (English Men of Letters series.) 1904.

Leslie, T. E. Cliffe. Essays in Political and Moral Philosophy. 1879.

Nicholson, J. S. A Project of Empire. 1909.

Oncken, A. Adam Smith in der Culturgeschichte. 1874.

——Adam Smith und Immanuel Kant. 1877.

Rae, John. Life of Adam Smith. 1895.

Stewart, Dugald. Biographical Memoir of Adam Smith in Trans., R. S. E. 1793. (In vol. containing also memoirs of Robertson and Reid, 1811; in Works, vol. X, 1858.)

III. OTHER PHILOSOPHICAL WRITERS

James Beattie

An Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth in opposition to sophistry and scepticism. Edinburgh, 1770. With other essays. Edinburgh, 1776.

Dissertations moral and critical. 1783.

Elements of Moral Science. 1790–3.

Forbes, Sir W. Life and Writings of Beattie. 2 vols. 1806.

Forbes, M. Beattie and his friends. 1904.

See, also, bibliography to Chap. VII, ante.

George Campbell (1719–1796)

A Dissertation on Miracles. 1762.

The Philosophy of Rhetoric. 1776.

William Derham (1657–1735)

Physico-Theology. 1713.

Astro-Theology. 1715.

Christo-Theology. 1730.

John Douglas (bishop of Salisbury) (1721–1807)

Criterion of Miracles. 1752.

Adam Ferguson

Essay on the History of Civil Society. 1767.

History of the Progress and Termination of the Roman Republic. 1783.

Principles of Moral and Political Science. Edinburgh, 1792.

Huth, H. Soziale und individualistische Auffassung … bei Adam Smith und Adam Ferguson. 1907.

See, also, bibliography to Chap. XII, ante.

James Harris (1709–1780)

Hermes, or a Philosophical Inquiry concerning Universal Grammar. 1751.

Philosophical Arrangements. 1775.

Philological Inquiries in three parts. 2 vols. 1781.

David Hartley

Conjecturæ quædam de sensu motu et idearum generatione. 1746. In Parr’s Metaphysical Tracts, 1837.

Observations on Man, his frame, his duty, and his expectations. 1749.

(The edition of 1791 is accompanied by a sketch of the author’s life, and by notes and additions translated from the German of Pistorius, H. A.)

Hartley’s Theory of the Human Mind, on the principle of the Association of Ideas. With essays by Priestley, J. 1775.

Bower, G. S. Hartley and James Mill. (English Philosophers Series.) 1881.

Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782)

Essays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion. 1751. (German trans. 1772.)

Introduction to the Art of Thinking. 1761.

Elements of Criticism. 1762.

Sketches of the History of Man. 1774.

Tytler, A. F., Lord Woodhouslee. Life of Lord Kames. 1807.

Nathaniel Lardner (1684–1768)

The Credibility of the Gospel History. 1727–55.

Works. II vols. 1788. 4 vols. 1817. 10 vols. 1827.

James Burnett, Lord Monboddo (1714–1799)

Of the Origin and Progress of Language. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1773–6. 2nd edn. 6 vols. 1774–92.

Antient Metaphysics: or, the Science of Universals. 6 vols. Edinburgh, 1779–99.

Knight, W. Lord Monboddo and some of his contemporaries. 1900.

James Oswald (1715–1769)

An Appeal to Common Sense in behalf of Religion. Edinburgh, 1766.

William Paley

The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy. 1785. Ed. Whateley, R. 1859. Ed. Bain, A. (Moral Philosophy only). n.d.

Horæ Paulinæ, or the Truth of the Scripture History of St. Paul evinced. 1790.

A View of the Evidences of Christianity. 1794.

Natural Theology, or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Diety collected from the Appearances of Nature. 1802. With notes by Brougham, Lord, and Bell, Sir C. 1836.

Works. 7 vols. 1825.

Richard Price

A Review of the Principal Questions and Difficulties in Morals. 1757. 3rd edn. 1787.

Observations on Reversionary Payments. 1771. 4th edn. 1783.

An Appeal to the Public on the subject of the National Debt. 1772.

Observations on the nature of Civil Liberty, the Principles of Government, and the Justice and Policy of the War with America. 1776.

Additional Observations [on the same subject]. 1777.

The General Introduction and Supplement to the two Tracts on Civil Liberty. 1778.

An Essay on the Population of England. 1780.

A Discourse on the Love of our Country. 1789.

Joseph Priestley

The History and Present State of Electricity. 1767.

An Essay on the First Principles of Government. 1768. 2nd edn. 1771.

A Free Address to Protestant Dissenters as such. 1769.

Institutes of Natural and Revealed Theology. 3 vols. 1772–4.

Experiments and observations on different kinds of Air. 6 vols. 1774–86.

An Examination of Dr. Reid’s Inquiry …, Dr. Beattie’s Essay …, and Dr. Oswald’s Appeal to Common Sense. 1774.

Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit. 1777.

The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity illustrated. 1777.

A Free Discussion on the doctrines of Materialism, &c. 1778.

Observations on the Importance of the American Revolution. 1784. (And many other works chiefly scientific and theological.)

Theological and Miscellaneous Works, ed. Rutt, J. T. 25 vols. 1817–32.

Thorpe, T. E. Priestley. (English Men of Science Series.) 1906.

See, also, under David Hartley, ante.

John Ray

The Wisdom of God manifested in the Works of the Creation. 1691. (And many other works, chiefly botanical.)

Thomas Reid

An Essay on Quantity, in Phil. Trans. 1748.

An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense. 1764.

A Brief Account of Aristotle’s Logic, in Lord Kames’s History of Man. 1774.

Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man. Edinburgh, 1783.

Essays on the Active Powers of Man. Edinburgh, 1788.

Works, ed. Hamilton, Sir W. 2 vols. 1846–63.

Fraser, A. C. Reid. (Famous Scots Series.) 1898.

Pringle, Pattison A. Seth. Scottish Philosophy. 1885.

Stewart, Dugald, in Works, vol. X, and in Hamilton’s Reid, vol. I.

Sir James Steuart [Denham]

An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy: being an Essay on the Science of Domestic Policy in Free Nations. 2 vols. 1767.

Hasbach, W. Untersuchungen über Adam Smith. 1891. (Pp. 369–381.)

Abraham Tucker (1705–1774)

The Light of Nature pursued. 7 vols. 1768–78. [Vols. V–VII published posthumously by his daughter.] See, also, Hazlitt’s Preface to an abridgment of Tucker’s work, Works, edd. Waller, A. R. and Glover, A., vol. IV, 1902.